Exposure to extreme cold and windchill doesn’t just affect humans, pets are also susceptible to the elements and are not immune to frostbite.

Although they have fur, some thicker than others, dog’s and cat’s skin can still easily freeze, not only causing pain but also damaging the cells, sometimes to the point of the tissue dying and falling off. Most often we see this severity of frostbite on the ears of animals, where there is less fur and one of the first areas to receive less blood flow during frigid temperatures.

Dr. Charlotte Williams, veterinarian and owner at Hooves and Paws Veterinary Clinic, said that if you stand outside without a coat on and find the winds and temperature too cold, likely so does your pet. She added that when it is cold out, the blood, much like in humans, gets redirected away from extremities to keep blood flow abundant to the organs, when this happens, ears, noses and feet become much more susceptible to frostbite.

Pets who live outside all year round are able to slowly adapt to the weather changes as they happen and have more of a defence system against the cold. Williams stated they should still have a shelter that protects them from the wind and dry bedding to lay in.

Dogs, especially with shorter hair or who spend most of their time indoors, should be protected from the elements if planning on being outside for extended periods of time. Dog coats and boots/socks can help block the wind and keep them warm.

Williams said there are some warning signs you can watch for. In regards to frostbite, the affected area will first turn red which will then show signs of inflammation and finally the skin will start to harden, which she says, “once frostbite has gotten to the stage where it is actually frozen or feels hard, there’s not a lot that can be done at that point to save the tissues.”

If you do notice signs of frostbite on your pet, Williams said to slowly warm the area keeping direct or intense heat away to ensure not to burn the frostbitten skin. She said to simply wrap your pet in a warm blanket to increase blood flow back to the affected areas. In any circumstance, it is advised to bring your pet into see a veterinarian if you are concerned, as they will be able to better assess the damage and put your pet on fluids and vasodialators to increase the blood flow and help minimize the damage from the frostbite.